欣赏音乐，每个人都有不同的爱好，有人喜欢听歌曲，有人喜欢室内乐，还有人喜欢大型管弦乐作品。播放音乐的音箱也有书架箱、落地箱、二单元、三单元之分。那么，播放不同的音乐作品又与不同类型的音箱有什么内在的联系呢?要想了解这一问题，还是要从音乐的声音特点与济南音响重放声音的特性说起。
Enjoy music, everyone has different tastes, some people like to listen to songs, some people like the chamber music, there are people like large orchestral works. Playing music in the sound box also has a bookshelf box, landing box, two units, three units of the division. So, playing different musical compositions with different types of speakers, what's the relation? Want to know about the problem, or want to talk about the characteristics from the sound characteristics of music and Ji'nan audio playback sound.
实际上音乐的声音都不是正弦波，有的是近似的方波，有的是近似的三角波或是锯齿波，而最接近正弦波的声音，可能是人吹口哨的声音了。对于这些非正弦波的波型，通过数学分析可以认为是由一个基波频率?也就是声音的基音 和无限多个高次谐波?也就是泛音 组合而成。音乐中Ａ音?Ｍｉｄｄｌｅ Ａ 是４４０Ｈｚ，高八度频率要增加一倍，而低八度则频率要减少一半。音乐中绝大多数乐器的声音与人声的频率约在９０Ｈｚ～３ｋＨｚ，而泛音频率却有较大的差异。
In fact, the sound of music is not sine wave, some approximate Fang Bo, there is a triangle wave approximate or sawtooth wave, and the most close to the sine wave sound, people may be whistling sound. For these non sinusoidal wave, through mathematical analysis can be considered to consist of a fundamental frequency? Multiple pitch is also sound and infinite harmonic overtones? That is a combination of. Music A sound? Middle A is 440Hz, eight degree high frequency be doubled, while the low eight degrees is frequency to reduce by half. Voice and vocal music in the vast majority of musical instruments at frequencies around 90Hz ~ 3kHz, and overtone frequencies there is a greater difference.
在乐器中，小提琴的基波频率大约是２００Ｈｚ～２．５ｋＨｚ，而泛音却要超过１０ｋＨｚ。低音提琴的基波频率大约是４０Ｈｚ～２００Ｈｚ，而泛音却可到５ｋＨｚ。单簧管的音域比较宽，基音频率约在１６０Ｈｚ～１．４ｋＨｚ，泛音却要超过１５ｋＨｚ。短笛的频率比较高，基音频率在６００Ｈｚ～４ｋＨｚ，泛音频率可达２０ｋＨｚ。钢琴的音域可以说是最宽的，它的基音频率从３０Ｈｚ～４．２ｋＨｚ，而泛音频率可在２０ｋＨｚ以上。乐器中基波频率低于８０Ｈｚ的有钢琴、低音提琴、大提琴、竖琴等。而泛音频率超过１５ｋＨｚ的有钢琴、短笛、长笛、单簧管等。民族乐器中的二胡、笛子、锁呐、笙的泛音频率也是相当高的。
In musical instruments, the fundamental frequency of the violin is about 200Hz ~ 2.5kHz, and the overtone is more than 10kHz. The fundamental frequency of the bass is about 40Hz ~ 200Hz, and the overtone can to 5kHz. The register of the clarinet is wide, the fundamental frequency at about 160Hz ~ 1.4kHz, overtone is more than 15kHz. Piccolo relatively high frequency, pitch frequency in 600Hz ~ 4kHz, overtone frequency can reach 20kHz. The piano vocal range can be said to be the most wide, pitch it from 30Hz to 4.2kHz, and the harmonic frequencies can be above 20kHz. 80Hz fundamental frequency is lower than the instrument of the piano, double bass, cello, harp. But the overtone frequency exceeds 15kHz with a piano, piccolo, flute, clarinet, etc.. Overtone frequency erhu, flute, lock Na, Sheng in the national musical instrument is the quite high.
在声乐中，男低音发音频率约在８０Ｈｚ～４００Ｈｚ，而泛音大约到３０００Ｈｚ以上，女高音的发音频率大约在２５０Ｈｚ～１２００Ｈｚ，但泛音频率却超过１０ｋＨｚ。
In the vocal, bass sound frequency at about 80Hz ~ 400Hz, and the overtone to about 3000Hz above, sound frequency soprano at about 250Hz ~ 1200Hz, but the overtone frequency is more than 10kHz.
以上笔者提及的仅是单一乐器或是人声的发音频率特点。但实际上大型管弦乐的合奏或是人声与伴奏，是多种声音的合成，这时不同频率的的乐器声会产生“拍音”。这种合成的声音波形很复杂，所含的频率成分也很复杂，很难用简单的数学分析方法来表达。但是有一点却是无疑的，就是其高次谐波?也就是泛音 极为丰富。泛音的频率之高，在人耳听觉之上。
The author mentioned above is only a single instrument or voice frequency characteristics of pronunciation. But in fact large-scale orchestral ensemble or voice and accompaniment is the synthesis of a variety of voices, then the sound of musical instrument of different frequencies will have a "beat". Voice waveform synthesis of this very complex frequency components contained is very complex, it is difficult to express in simple mathematical analysis method. But one thing is no doubt, is the harmonic overtone? Is also extremely rich. Overtone frequency high, on the human auditory.
要想完美地重现一个大型管弦乐队的声音，济南音响 http://www.jnzqyx.com/ 系统的频率响应范围无疑是越宽越好，上面我在谈到乐器的声音频率时，乐器的低音下限频率已经在３０Ｈｚ左右，而泛音的上限频率已经超过了２０ｋＨｚ。一些常去音乐厅听音乐的的朋友有这样一种体会：同一首乐曲在音乐厅听过之后，回到家用音响器材听，总会觉得低音量感不够或是质感有差异；而高音或是不够“亮”或是不圆润。的确，现在的模拟放音系统，要想完美地再现乐队的演奏实在是有点困难。
To perfectly reproduce a large orchestra of sound, the sound system of Ji'nan frequency response range is wider and better, I talked about above sounds in the frequency of musical instruments, musical instruments have bass lower limit frequency at about 30Hz, while the upper limit frequency overtone has exceeded 20kHz. Some friends often go to the hall to listen to music have such an experience: after a piece of music heard in the music hall, back to home audio equipment to listen to, always feel the bass quantity feeling is insufficient or texture differences; while the treble or is not "light" or is not round. Indeed, analog playback system now, want to perfect reappearance of band is really a bit difficult.
我们再来看一下音箱在放音时频率特性的特点。音箱响应特性有两个参数比较重要：一个是频响范围，这是指当高、低端的声压降到某一程度时的高低端频率数值。但这一参数各生产公司的测试条件却不太统一，有的是以－３ｄＢ确定频响范围，有的是以－６ｄＢ甚至－１０ｄＢ确定频响范围。一些探讨音箱的主观评价与客观参数的专家认为，为了取得较好的放音特性，音箱的放音下限频率与上限频率的数值乘积往往趋于一个常数，并且认为这个常数的数值大约是１０００００。他们觉得在这个数值下放音的高低音的均衡性比较好。这也就不难理解为什么一些音箱的频响以５０Ｈｚ～２０ｋＨｚ为多，大型箱又是以３０Ｈｚ～３０ｋＨｚ为多。
Let us look at the characteristics of frequency response in the playback time characteristics. Loudspeaker response characteristics there are two important parameters: one is the frequency range, which refers to the numerical high low-end frequency when high, low-end sound pressure drops to a certain degree of. But the test condition of this one parameter for each production company is not uniform, some are taking into determining the frequency response range, and some are even to 6dB 10dB determine the range of frequency response. Some experts subjective evaluation and objective parameters to investigate the speaker believes that, in order to obtain the better characteristics of playback, playback and numerical product lower frequency upper limit frequency speakers often tends to be a constant, and that the value of this constant is about 100000. They feel balanced high bass in this numerical comparison good playback. It is not difficult to understand why the response of some speakers with 50Hz ~ 20kHz for multiple, large box is from 30Hz to 30kHz for more.
音箱的另一个频率特性参数是声压不均匀度，这一参数常用不大于ＸｄＢ来表示，它是指音箱在其频率响应的范围内，声压大小的差异。音箱的这一参数，应该认为越小越好。但这一参数值，不同的品牌、型号之间尽管其±ｄＢ值可能相同，但凸、凹的频率点都可能有较大的差异。而这种差异又会使所表现的声音的泛音成分多少不一。 这就形成了音色与听感的差异。面对这种差异，我们会有两个选择，或是我们选择一种我们接受的音色，或是我们去品味一种音色的特点，去适应这种音色。一般来说，这种不均匀的凸起如果在数百Ｈｚ的低中音段，听感上觉得声音较淳厚饱满，而凸起在１～２ｋＨｚ的中高音段则会觉得声音比较明快。现实中的Ｈｉ－Ｆｉ音箱，为了能在几十Ｈｚ至几万Ｈｚ之间重放声音，大多采用多单元的形式。最常见的是两单元的音箱。两单元音箱的中低音单元一般在４～７英寸之间。通常大多数中低音单元在５英寸以下的两单元音箱，分频点多选在２．５ｋＨｚ～３ｋＨｚ，低音下限约在７０Ｈｚ，而６～７英寸中低音单元的济南音响分频点多选在２ｋＨｚ左右，低音下限约在５０Ｈｚ。低音单元大于８英寸时，往往音箱采用高、中、低三单元的形式，这时低中音的分频点在数百Ｈｚ，中高音的分频点在３～５ｋＨｚ，音箱的低音下限可到３０～４０Ｈｚ。
Another frequency characteristic parameters of sound box is sound pressure unevenness, this parameter is used less than XdB to represent, it refers to the range of the speaker in the frequency response of sound pressure, difference. This parameter should be considered sound box, the smaller the better. But this parameter values, different brands and models despite its + dB value may be the same, but the frequency points of convex and concave are likely to have greater difference. And this difference will make the overtone component showed what a voice. This is a form of timbre and the sense of hearing the differences. In the face of this difference, we will have two choices, or we choose a we accept tone, or we go to taste characteristics of a tone, to adapt to this kind of tone. In general, raised this non-uniform if in hundreds of Hz low midrange segment, the sense of hearing that voice is pure and honest and full, and raised in the treble section 1 ~ 2kHz would find sound more lively. Hi Fi speaker in the reality, in order to replay sound among the dozens of Hz to tens of thousands of Hz, most of the use of multiple cells. The most common is the two unit of the speaker. The bass unit two unit speakers in general 4 ~ 7 inches. Usually most of the bass unit in unit two speakers of 5 inches or less, the crossover point election in 2.5kHz ~ 3kHz, bass limit in about 70Hz, and 6 to Ji'nan sound frequency point multi bass unit 7 inches in the lower limit of about 2kHz, about 50Hz bass. The bass unit greater than 8 inches, often sound box uses high, medium and low three unit form, then low alto frequency points in hundreds of Hz, ALT frequency point in 3 ~ 5kHz, the lower limit of the bass sound box to 30 ~ 40Hz.
在了解了音乐中乐器与人声的频率特点以及音箱放声的频率特性之后，我们就可以根据自己欣赏不同的音乐来选择不同的音箱了。
After understanding the frequency characteristics of musical instruments and vocal music and the frequency characteristics of sound box burst, we can according to their own appreciation of different music to choose different speakers.